// topic
Language & patterns
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A Field Guide to JavaScript Array Methods
map, filter, and reduce replace most hand-written loops with clearer intent. A practical tour of the array methods worth reaching for, and when a loop still wins.
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Objects and Classes in JavaScript: Prototypes and Composition
JavaScript objects work differently from classical languages. A look at prototypes, the class syntax built on top of them, and when composition beats inheritance.
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JavaScript Modules and Packages: From Script Tags to ESM
How JavaScript moved from global script tags and ad-hoc registries to native ES modules and a package manager, and what that means for everyday code.
