// index
Articles
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A Field Guide to JavaScript Array Methods
map, filter, and reduce replace most hand-written loops with clearer intent. A practical tour of the array methods worth reaching for, and when a loop still wins.
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Working with the DOM Without a Framework
The browser ships a capable API for selecting elements, handling events, and updating the page. A refresher on doing it directly with modern DOM methods.
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A Practical Approach to JavaScript Testing
What to test, how the common kinds of tests differ, and how a modern test runner turns a vague intention to test into a fast feedback loop.
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Debugging JavaScript in the Browser
The browser devtools are a full debugger most developers barely use. Breakpoints, the call stack, watch expressions, and the network panel beat scattered logging.
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Objects and Classes in JavaScript: Prototypes and Composition
JavaScript objects work differently from classical languages. A look at prototypes, the class syntax built on top of them, and when composition beats inheritance.
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Utility Libraries vs. Modern JavaScript
General-purpose helper libraries once filled real gaps in the language. Many of those gaps have since closed. A guide to what to keep and what to drop.
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Promises, async/await, and the Event Loop
JavaScript runs on a single thread yet handles many things at once. The event loop, the task queues, and where promises fit explain how that works.
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JavaScript Modules and Packages: From Script Tags to ESM
How JavaScript moved from global script tags and ad-hoc registries to native ES modules and a package manager, and what that means for everyday code.
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Data Fetching in the Browser: From XMLHttpRequest to fetch
How browsers request data without a full page reload, why the old callback style was painful, and how fetch with async/await made it readable.
